The melting points of metals

Tungsten (W) has the highest melting point of all metals, at 3422°C (6192°F). This extremely high melting point makes tungsten ideal for high-temperature applications, such as in lightbulb filaments, aerospace components, and cutting tools.

The melting point trend in metals typically depends on their atomic structure and bonding strength:

• Group Trend: In general, for alkali metals (Group 1), the melting point decreases as you move down the group. For transition metals, the melting point tends to increase in the middle of the d-block, where atomic bonding is strongest.
• Period Trend: Across a period (from left to right in the periodic table), the melting point generally increases due to increasing atomic number, which strengthens metallic bonds.

Type metal, which is an alloy used in traditional printing presses, is usually composed of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and tin (Sn). The melting point of type metal varies depending on the specific composition but typically ranges between 240°C and 320°C (464°F – 608°F). The addition of antimony makes it harder and more durable than pure lead.

Melting points in metals increase due to stronger metallic bonds between atoms. The more delocalized electrons present, the stronger the bonding, requiring more energy (higher temperatures) to break these bonds. Metals like tungsten and platinum have dense atomic structures and many delocalized electrons, making their melting points higher.

Tungsten is the hardest metal to melt on Earth, with the highest melting point of all metals, 3422°C (6192°F). Its strong atomic bonds and dense structure make it extremely difficult to melt, which is why it is used in extreme temperature environments.

Mercury (Hg) is the metal with the lowest melting point, at -38.83°C (-37.89°F). It exists as a liquid at room temperature, making it the fastest to melt compared to all other metals. Mercury is commonly used in thermometers, barometers, and other scientific instruments.